b. 1885, Brantford, Ontario d. 1970, Vancouver, British Columbia Painter. Attended University of Toronto. Studied art under F. von Wille, A. Schlabitz, and F. Skarbina in Berlin, 1904-07. Influenced by modern German art, notably M. Liebermann, W. Leistikow, and P. Thiem, as well as by Gauguin, van Gogh, Cézanne, and other European Post-Impressionists. Visited Austria, Italy, France, and England before returning to Toronto, 1908. Painted streetscapes, industrial subjects, and wilderness landscapes, combining aspects of Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Inspired by Exhibition of Contemporary Scandinavian Art at Albright Art Gallery, Buffalo, Jan. 1913, he became the guiding force behind the development of a national school of landscape painting. Founding member, Group of Seven, 1920. Landscapes became increasingly abstract, late 1920s. Painted in northern Ontario, Canadian Rockies, the Arctic, and elsewhere in Canada. Founding member, Canadian Group of Painters, 1933. Lived in Hanover, N.H., 1934-38. Moved to Santa Fe, N.M., 1938, where he joined the Transcendental Painting Group and painted pure abstractions. Settled permanently in Vancouver, Dec., 1940. (Source: Carol Lowrey, Visions of Light and Air: Canadian Impressionism, 1885-1920. Americas Society Art Galley, New York: 1995. p. 143.) Featured Work: Hurdy Gurdy 1913 Oil on canvas 76.2 x 86.3 cm Art Gallery of Hamilton, Gift of Roy G. Cole, 1992